During a photograph, the angle of view can change despite the fact you could be in the same place. The smaller the angle is, the more likely the focal point will be larger in size. If you wanted a lot of the background then a wide angled lens would be the best, along with capturing the main subject; the camera will also pick up a slightly out of focus background. If you wanted only a small section of the background (to maybe make the main focus stand out) then using a telephoto lens would probably be your best bet. It blurs the background and makes the subject stand out against it, focusing the viewers vision on the main subject.
A wide angle has a lot of coverage of the surroundings- it allows things to look smaller because they are further away and closer subjects look larger. The size of the object you want to photo will depend on where it is placed in a shot. An example of a wide angled lens is a Nikon 35mm fixed f2. This type of lens doesn't change the image at all, a wide angle mostly moves into having a standard angle which is just like the human eye and so photographs taken look like they are seen through human eye- not through a camera.
However, telephoto lenses have a smaller coverage and as a result the subject will look relatively the same as in reality. A telephoto lens allows the main focus to be the main focus at all times without relying on the distance from the camera. A telephoto lens can be split between medium length and long length. An example of a medium length is a Nikon 85mm fixed f1.4. This captures shots during photo shoots and can allow slight movement. Moreover, a long telephoto is used for action shots- for instance in a race, while the athletes are running at fast pace. An example of a long telephoto lens is Nikon 75mm-300mm f5.6 (Medium to long zoom.)
A photographer who has used a fish eye lens to create a picture that will attract and please viewers is Riccardo Maria Mantero. He has changed the way people can look at Americas landscapes. The picture included is the horseshoe bend in Arizona which has now become an iconic image of the grand canyon. When being asked about the landscape photos taken, Mantero replied with 'The places are so famous and have been snapped by well-established photographers but I haven't seen many done with a fish eye, so I tried to change the point of view with extreme distortion to achieve something different.'
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